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SECTION A 40 MARKS
Answer All the questions in the space provided.
- Name the most appropriate tool that Biology students can use for collecting
- Crawling animals (1mk)
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- Flying insects (1 mk)
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- State the name given to the study of:
- Cells (1 mk)
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- Classification of living organisms (1 mk)
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- a) Define the term species (1 mk)
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- A Tiger is known as Panthera Tigris
- Identify two mistakes made in writing the scientific name (2 mks)
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- Explain why a Leopard and a tiger cannot breed yet they belong to the same genus (1 mk)
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- A cell was magnified 200 times using a light microscope whose eye-piece lens magnification was X10. What was the magnification of the objective lens (3 mks)
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- The cell structure below was observed under the light microscope
Pore
B
A
- Identify the cell structure (1 mk)
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- Name the labeled parts A and B (2 mks)
A…………………………………………………………………………………………………….
B ……………………………………………………………………………………………………
- State one function of the above structure (1 mk)
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- In an experiment equal amounts of three different sugar solutions were placed in the risking tubings X, Y and Z. the tubings were placed in a beaker of water containing 5% sugar solution. The set up was left for two hours. The results were as shown in the diagram below.
| Z | |||
| X | |||
Beginning of experiment End of experiment
- Name the process being investigated in the experiment (1 mk)
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- Account for the observations made at the end of the experiment (3 mks)
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- State three importance of the process named in (a) above in living organisms (3 mks)
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- i) Name the carbohydrates that is (3 mks)
- Found in abundance in mammalian blood
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- Stored in mammalian liver
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- Stored in plant seeds
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ii) List two importance of water in living organisms (2 mks)
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- The enzyme pepsin and trypsin are secreted as inactive precursors:
- What are the name of the precursors (2 mks)
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- Why are they secreted in an inactive form (1 mk)
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- State two structural and two environmental factors that affect the rate of transpiration
- Structural (2 mks)
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- Environmental (2 mks)
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The diagram below is a transverse section of a certain part of a dicotyledonous plant.
- Which part of the plant was the section made from (1 mk)
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- Give reasons for your answer (1 mk)
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- State the functions of the parts labeled A and C (2 mks)
A…………………………………………………………………….……………………….……………………………………………………………………..……………………………………….
C…………………………………………………………………….……………………….……………………………………………………………………..………………………………………
- Give an example of an animal with (2 mks)
- Open circulatory system
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- Closed circulatory system
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SECTION B 40 MARKS
- The diagram below show the internal structure of a mammalian heart
- Using arrows show the direction of blood flow in and out of the heart ( 2mks)
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- Name the parts labeled (2 mks)
A…………………………………………………………………….……………………….………
C…………………………………………………………………….……………………….………
- The muscular wall of chamber D is at least three times thicker than the wall of chamber E. give a reason for this difference (1 mk)
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- Name two special characteristics of heart muscles which distinguishes it from other parts of muscles (2 mks)
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- In what way does the artery labeled G differ from other arteries in the body (1 mk)
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- The figure below is a diagram of a potometer
- What is it used for? (1 mk)
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- State one precautions which should be taken when setting up a photometer (1 mk)
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- The rate of transpiration was determined under normal conditions in the laboratory. Giving reasons, explain the differences you would expect if the measurements were repeated under the following conditions.
- The shoot is placed close to the heat source (2 mks)
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- Some leaves are removed (2 mks)
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- The shoot is placed in a current of air created by a fan (2 mks)
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The figure below is a diagram of a vertical section of a mammalian tooth
- Name the parts labeled A – F (2 mks)
A……………………………………….. D………………………….………………….
B……………………………………….. E………………………………………………
C ……………………………………….. F………………………………………………
- How are the structures labeled A and D adapted to their functions (2 mks)
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- List down three ways of preventing teeth diseases (3 mks)
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- a) Give two reasons why clotting of blood is important (2 mks)
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b) Name one enzyme and one metal ion that are required in the blood clotting process (2 mks)
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c) Explain why excessive bleeding may lead to death of a patient (3 mks)
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- Explain why deficiency of vitamin K leads to excessive bleeding even from small cuts (1 mk)
- Why is it necessary to place the plants in the dark for two days before starting the experiment?
(1 mk)
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- What is the role of soda lime? (1 mk)
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- Give the results you would expect if the leaves A and C were subjected to an iodine test after being in bright sunlight for 6 hours.
- A (1 mk)
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- C (1 mk)
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- Explain the results given in (C ) above (2 mks)
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- A part from carbon (IV) oxide, name two other factors which are necessary for photosynthesis to take place (2 mks)
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SECTION C 20 MARKS
The figure below is a diagram of an intestinal villus. Study it and answer the questions that follow
- Name the parts labeled A – D (2 mks)
A……………………………………………….. C……………………………………………..
B……………………………………………….. D……………………………………………
- What is the importance of the villi? (1 mk)
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- What is the function of the part labeled F (1 mk)
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- Most of absorption of digested food in mammals takes place in the ileum. In what ways is it adapted for this function (4 mks)
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- Name two nutrients that are absorbed in mammalian gut without chemical digestion (2 mks)
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- State and Explain five factors that determine energy requirements in human beings (10 mks)
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