Get The Marking Schemes Here

1.  (a) In binomial nomenclature, which name is supposed to begin with.                                (2mks)
2. Small letter       

• Capital letter    

(b) State any other guideline that should be followed when scientific names are typed or printed.                                                                                                                                                     (1mk)

• Define the following terms as used in the study of living organisms

(i)Ornithology                                                                                                                        (1mark)

(ii) Ecology                                                                                                                               (1mark)

              (iii)Cytology                                                                                                                       (1mark 

•  State three adaptations of the alveolus to its functions.                                                        (3mks)

• a) Explain the term cell specialization.                                                                                        (1mk)

              b.)      State how the following cells are specialized to perform their function.

                   i). Red blood cell                                                                                                                      (1mks)

                   ii. Root hair cell                                                                                                                   (1mk)

• Below is a diagram of a structure found in Eukaryotic cells? Study it and answer the questions that follow

 a) Identify the structure                                                                                                           (1 mark)

b) State two properties of the structure                                                                                     (2 marks)

 

 

 

c) On the diagram, label protein layer and phospholipid layer                                                (2 marks)                         

1.  List down any two importance of translocated food substances in plants.                       (2mks)                            

•  State two differences between open and closed circulatory system.                              2mks)

•  State TWO reasons why it is important for plants to lose water vapour to the atmosphere.  (2mks)

• (a) What is blood transfusion?                                                                                                   (2mks)

(b) From among the following blood vessels, place each in its correct description.

                                                    Artery, capillary, vein,                                                                       (3mks)

Carry blood at highest pressure	Carry blood at lowest pressure	Has thick muscular wall

• (a) Write down two adaptations of the root hairs to perform their function.                         (2mks)

• a) Explain why the leaf of a sisal plant has a thick and shiny cuticle                             (2mks)

(b)Which blood vessel supplies oxygenated blood to the liver.?                                             (1mk)

• Name the gaseous exchange site in :
• Man                                                                                                                                        (1 mk)

• Fish                                                                                                                                       (1 mk)

•   a)       The diagram below represents a set-up that students used in an investigation.

a)    Name the physiological process that was being investigated.                                        (1 mark)

       b)    i)        What observation would be made in boiling tube L and N.                                       (2 mark)

                          L-

                          N-

              ii)       Give reason for the observation made in flask N.                                                      (2mark)

1. How do the following factors affect active transport?
2. Glucose concentration.                                                                                         (2mks)

• Change in pH.                                                                                                       (2mks)

• State three differences between glycolysis and krebs cycle.                                      (3mks)

Glycolysis:	Kreb’s cycle:

•             The apparatus below was used to investigate anaerobic respiration:-

(a) How would you remove dissolved oxygen from the glucose before the experiment

     Commencing?                                                                                                                                (1mk)

            (b) State what happens to the lime water as the experiment proceeds to the end                              (1mk)

(c) Describe the reactions in the experiment                                                                                    (3mks)

1. State 2 ways through which plants eliminate their waste products.                                       (2mks)

• State the functions of the following parts of the human skin.                                                (2mks)
• Nerve endings,

1. Cornified layer.

• Name two components of blood that are not present in the glomerular filtrate.                    (2mks)

• (a) Distinguish between digestion and absorption as used in animal nutrition.                          (2mks)

(b) Amylase is an enzyme involved in the digestion of starch. Name two parts of digestive system where it digests food.                                                                                                               (2mks)

(c) How is the palisade layer of the leaf adapted for photosynthesis?                                     (2mks)